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A material history of 15th-17th century paper used for
Icelandic handwritten and printed texts from
production to use and reuse

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Welcome to Life of Paper
As many of you might already know, a new project on paper in Iceland has started earlier this year: Life of Paper. In Life of Paper we...
Silvia Hufnagel
Nov 4, 20222 min read
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Þorláksmessa and Þorlákur's Bible
Today, Þorláksmessa, the Mass of St Þorlákur, is celebrated in Iceland. Born in Hlíðarendi in 1133, Þorlákur Þórhallsson was ordained as...
Silvia Hufnagel
Dec 23, 20212 min read
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Paper and Parchment
When paper was on the rise and began to supplant parchment, some manuscripts were made of both materials, paper and parchment. In these...
Silvia Hufnagel
Nov 17, 20212 min read
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Paper Seals
Welcome back to Paper Trails’ blog! Part of the summer was spent in the manuscript vaults of Iceland, and we have returned with exciting...
Silvia Hufnagel
Sep 20, 20212 min read
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Weapons of Steel vs Weapons of Paper and Ink
In my last blog entry I wrote about the paper uses of the last Catholic bishop of Skálholt, Ögmundur Pálsson, and of his Lutheran...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jul 15, 20212 min read
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Paper, a Catholic Bishop and His Lutheran Successor
The rise of paper in Iceland is connected to several bishops. In this post, I will focus on two bishops of Skálholt: Ögmundur Pálsson,...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jun 20, 20213 min read
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Watermarks and Music
On 21-22 May I was kindly invited to participate with a presentation in the virtual conference “Wasserzeichen und Musikwissenschaft”...
Silvia Hufnagel
May 25, 20211 min read
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Lost Books
In the recent online conference Care & Conservation of Manuscripts 18, my colleague Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson gave a lecture on lost...
Silvia Hufnagel
Apr 20, 20212 min read
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When did paper become common?
Today, we find paper everywhere. But when did it become common in Iceland? The earliest uses of and references to paper stem from the...
Silvia Hufnagel
Mar 16, 20212 min read
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Paper and Parchment Recycling
Early modern paper was made of rags, as I have written in the last blog entry, and was thus a true recycling product. Even though the...
Silvia Hufnagel
Feb 15, 20212 min read
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The Stuff that Paper is Made of
I was once asked why there have been no paper mills in Iceland. I started explaining that there was hardly any linen clothing available,...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jan 15, 20212 min read
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Cartapesta in Kaupangur
For December Paper Trails has a special present for you: a devotional relief, depicting the Adoration of the Magi. The three Magi have...
Silvia Hufnagel
Dec 15, 20202 min read
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Fire and Paper
We are back from summer holidays and hope that you are all safe and sound in the pandemic, the social upheavals and the fires. Fire is a...
Silvia Hufnagel
Sep 21, 20202 min read
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Holiday reads for paper enthusiasts
Dear all, now that the summer with potential holidays has arrived, I compiled a short list of books that will make great holiday reads...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jul 15, 20202 min read
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Coat of Arms in Watermarks, and happy Icelandic National Day!
Coat of arms were popular motifs for watermarks and are often found Icelandic paper charters and manuscripts. On the occasion of the...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jun 17, 20202 min read
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Spot the Difference
Dear all, I hope you are all healthy and doing well in self-isolation and with home office. Since many of you, including me, cannot go on...
Silvia Hufnagel
Apr 10, 20201 min read
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A Dragon's Tail
One year ago I wrote about the oldest paper charters and manuscripts of Iceland, and this blog post is about the watermark that I found...
Silvia Hufnagel
Feb 20, 20202 min read
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Power tools for paper historians
For the watermark inclined paper enthusiast there are several powerful portals, databases and applications that are, or hopefully will...
Silvia Hufnagel
Jan 15, 20202 min read
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Of Cats and Coincidences
Making discoveries is perhaps the biggest goal of every scholar and scientists. The paths leading to such discoveries can be very varied....
Silvia Hufnagel
Dec 16, 20192 min read
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Watermarks worldwide
Recently Paper Trails Iceland went to a conference in Cork, Ireland. Watermark specialists gathered from 16th to 18th October for the 5th...
Silvia Hufnagel
Nov 20, 20192 min read
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